Use of Antihypertensive Medications and Breast Cancer Risk Among Women Aged 55 to 74 Years
abstract
This abstract is available on the publisher's site.
Access this abstract nowImportance: Antihypertensive agents are the most commonly prescribed class of medications in the United States. Evidence regarding the relationship between different types of antihypertensives and breast cancer risk is sparse and inconsistent, and prior studies have lacked the capacity to assess impacts of long-term use.
Objective: To evaluate associations between use of various classes of antihypertensive medications and risks of invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast cancers among postmenopausal women.
Design, Setting, and Participants: Population-based case-control study in the 3-county Seattle–Puget Sound metropolitan area. Participants were women aged 55 to 74 years, 880 of them with invasive ductal breast cancer, 1027 with invasive lobular breast cancer, and 856 with no cancer serving as controls.
Exposures: Recency and duration of use of antihypertensive medications.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Risks of invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast cancers.
Results: Current use of calcium-channel blockers for 10 or more years was associated with higher risks of ductal breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.9) (P = .04 for trend) and lobular breast cancer (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3) (P = .01 for trend). This relationship did not vary appreciably by type of calcium-channel blocker used (short-acting vs long-acting, dihydropyridines vs non-dihydropyridines). In contrast, use of diuretics, β-blockers, and angiotensin II antagonists were not associated with risk.
Conclusions and Relevance: While some studies have suggested a positive association between calcium-channel blocker use and breast cancer risk, this is the first study to observe that long-term current use of calcium-channel blockers in particular are associated with breast cancer risk. Additional research is needed to confirm this finding and to evaluate potential underlying biological mechanisms.
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Additional Info
Disclosure statements are available on the authors' profiles:
Do the medicines we take for one condition predispose us to another? Environmental factors are thought to make substantial contributions to the majority of postmenopausal breast cancers. This large case-controlled study suggests that long-term use of calcium channel blockers (CCB), ubiquitous mediations for high blood pressure control, raise the risk of both ductal and lobular breast cancer by approximately 2.5-fold when taken for long periods of time. Epidemiologic associations must be taken with a grain of salt, particularly when the evidence is conflicting as it has been previously in studies of CCBs and breast cancer risk. However, the level of risk shown in this report should certainly be explored further, including attempting to elucidate the potential etiologic mechanism. For now, no one should change medications that are working. Perhaps women at high risk for breast cancer should be considered for alternative classes of antihypertensives at initiation of long-term control.