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The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes
TAKE-HOME MESSAGE
- The study compared intermittent fasting (IF) with a control diet and/or calorie restriction in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. IF led to significant decreases in body weight, BMI, total cholesterol, and levels of triglycerides, HbA1c, and fasting glucose compared with the control diet; however, there were no significant differences in fat mass or blood pressure. IF was also more effective in reducing body weight and BMI compared with calorie restriction.
- Recent data supports the effectiveness of IF as a valuable nutritional strategy for preventing obesity and managing a range of metabolic disorders.
abstract
This abstract is available on the publisher's site.
Access this abstract nowAIM
To perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.
RESULTS
Overall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults with prediabetes or T2D were included in the meta-analysis. IF decreased body weight (WMD -4.56 kg [95% CI -6.23 to -2.83]; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; WMD -1.99 kg.m2 [95% CI -2.74 to -1.23]; p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; WMD -0.81% [95% CI -1.24 to -0.38]; p = 0.001), fasting glucose (WMD -0.36 mmol/L [95% CI -0.63 to -0.09]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD -0.31 mmol/L [95% CI -0.60 to -0.02]; p = 0.03) and triglycerides (WMD -0.14 mmol/L [95% CI -0.27 to -0.01]; p = 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low-densitiy lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, or blood pressure as compared with CON. Furthermore, IF decreased body weight (WMD -1.14 kg [95% CI -1.69 to -0.60]; p = 0.001) and BMI (WMD -0.43 kg.m2 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.27]; p = 0.001), but did not significantly affect fat mass, lean body mass, visceral fat, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profiles or blood pressure.
CONCLUSION
Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss and specific cardiometabolic health markers in individuals with prediabetes or T2D. Additionally, IF is associated with a reduction in body weight and BMI compared to CR, without effects on glycaemic markers, lipid profiles or blood pressure.
Additional Info
Disclosure statements are available on the authors' profiles:
The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Diabetes Obes Metab 2024 Jul 02;[EPub Ahead of Print], M Khalafi, A Habibi Maleki, ME Symonds, SK Rosenkranz, H Rohani, M EhsanifarFrom MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.