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Correlation of Hypervitaminosis D With Adverse Dental Implant Outcomes
TAKE-HOME MESSAGE
- High bone turnover rates have been linked to osteoporosis and the risk of skeletal bone fractures; however, thus far, the risk has not been translated to dental implants. This study examined the risk of implant failure associated with high vitamin D levels in serum (25(OH)D) in 40 patients with 201 implants. The results showed that serum 25(OH)D levels greater than 70 ng/mL were correlated with implant failure and peri-implant bone loss, especially in maxillary implants. There is, however, a need for prospective studies to directly compare patients with high serum 25(OH)D levels with healthy controls as well as how treatments for decreasing the bone turnover may or may not reduce the rate of implant failure and the risk of bone loss.
- High bone turnover rates reflected in high serum 25(OH)D levels may predispose patients to implant failure and peri-implant bone loss; therefore, clinicians should inform their patients of this risk, especially those receiving maxillary implants.
abstract
This abstract is available on the publisher's site.
Access this abstract now Full Text Available for ClinicalKey SubscribersOBJECTIVES
To investigate vitamin-D levels effect on the survival/success and on marginal bone levels of dental implants.
METHODS
Patients with peri-implant disease and healthy control patients with functionally loaded dental implants were included in this retrospective case-control study. Forty patients with 201 implants were in the diseased-cohort, while thirty-three patients with 90 implants were in the control-cohort. Patient blood 25(OH)D levels were assessed through quantitative blood test. The correlation between abnormal 25(OH)D levels and disease status of each patient was assessed using Fisher's exact tests. The correlation of each implant's outcomes with vitamin-D status was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS
Patients with blood 25(OH)D levels >70 ng/mL (hypervitaminosis-D) had a 21.1-fold increase in the risk of implant failure or severe peri-implant bone loss regarding patients with intermediate (>30, ≤70 ng/mL) levels. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that implants in the hypervitaminosis-D cohort had a survival probability of 73.7 % (95 % CI:56.5-84.5 %) at 19-years after surgery, compared to 95 % for implants in patients with intermediate 25(OH)D levels (95 % CI:88.3-97.9 %). Additionally, implants in the hypervitaminosis-D cohort lost bone faster than implants in the intermediate cohort. These results were specific to the patient cohort with elevated blood 25(OH)D levels and not observed in patients taking vitamin-D supplementation. The impact of hypervitaminosis-D was enriched for implants in the maxilla, and not as apparent for implants in the mandible.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood 25(OH)D levels >70 ng/mL were correlated with adverse implant outcomes, including implant failure and peri-implant bone loss, especially in the maxilla.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results suggest that hypervitaminosis D may be a previously unidentified risk factor for dental implant complications and should be further investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Additional Info
Disclosure statements are available on the authors' profiles:
Hypervitaminosis D is correlated with adverse dental implant outcomes: A retrospective case-control study
J Dent 2024 Aug 01;147(xx)105137, YC Cheng, L Murcko, EB Benalcazar-Jalkh, EA BonfanteFrom MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.